Differences in mouse strain influence leukocyte and immunoglobulin phenotype response to Porphyromonas gingivalis

This study examined the nature of the infiltrating cells in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced lesions and immunoglobulins in the serum samples of BALB/c (H-2d), C57BL6 (H-2b), DBA/2J (H-2d) and CBA/CaH (H-2k) mice. Mice were immunized intraperitoneally with P. gingivalis outer membrane antigens or sham-immunized with phosphate-buffered saline followed by subcutaneous challenge with live organisms 1 week after the final immunization. The resulting skin abscesses were excised 7 days later, cryostat sections cut and an immunoperoxidase method used to detect the presence of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets, CD14+ macrophages and CD19+ B cells. Peroxidase positive neutrophils and IgG1- and IgG2a-producing plasma cells were also identified. Anti P. gingivalis IgG1 and IgG2a subclass antibodies were determined in serum obtained by cardiac puncture. Very few CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells were found in any of the lesions. The percentages of CD4+ cells, CD14+ cells and neutrophils were similar in lesions of immunized BALB/c and C57BL6 mice, with a trend towards a higher percentage of CD14+ cells in sham-immunized mice. The percentage of CD14+ cells was higher than that of CD4+ cells in immunized compared with sham-immunized DBA/2J mice. The percentages of CD4+ and CD14+ cells predominated in immunized CBA/CaH mice and CD4+ cells in sham-immunized CBA/CaH mice. The percentage of neutrophils in immunized CBA/CaH mice was significantly lower than that of CD14+ cells and CD4+ cells in sham-immunized mice. IgG1+ plasma cells were more dominant than IgG2a+ cells in immunized BALB/c, C57BL6 and DBA/2J mice, whereas IgG2a+ plasma cells were more obvious in sham-immunized mice. IgG2a+ plasma cells were predominant in immunized and sham-immunized CBA/CaH mice. In the serum, specific anti-P. gingivalis IgG2a antibody levels (Th1 response) were higher than IgG1 levels (Th2 response) in sham-immunized CBA/CaH and DBA/2J mice. In immunized BALB/c mice, IgG2a levels were lower than IgG1 levels, while IgG2a levels were higher in immunized C57BL6 mice. In conclusion, this study has shown differences in the proportion of infiltrating leukocytes and in the subclasses of immunoglobulin produced locally and systemically in response to P. gingivalis in different strains of mice, suggesting a degree of genetic control over the response to P. gingivalis.     

HSV-TK/GCV联合IL-2对人舌癌移植瘤的抑制作用

目的观察HSV-TK联合IL-2对人舌癌细胞生长的抑制作用,并初步探讨其作用机理。方法建立舌癌Tca8113移植瘤动物模型,采用HSV-TK基因联合IL-2基因对人舌癌移植瘤进行裸鼠体内实验。实验分A、B、C、D四个实验组,每组5只裸鼠。A组为对照组,每瘤注射生理盐水;B组为空病毒组,每瘤注射空病毒5×108PFU;C组为单纯TK治疗组,每瘤注射TK5×108PFU;D组为TK联合IL-2治疗组,每瘤注射TK(5×108PFU) IL-2(5×108PFU)。48小时以后,对B、C、D组裸鼠每日腹腔注射GCV,100mg/kg/日,2次/日,连续10天。最后一次给药后第二天处死裸鼠,测量肿瘤重量并计算抑瘤率;光镜观察移植瘤组织学变化,透射电镜观察细胞的超微结构。结果A、B、C、D组裸鼠瘤重量均数分别为:1.52±0.49g,1.44±0.42g,0.91±0.24g,0.36±0.24g。C组的抑瘤率为40%;D组抑瘤率为76%。经统计学检验发现TK组和TK联合IL-2组的肿瘤生长均受到抑制,A组和C组、A组和D组之间有显著性差异(P<0.01)。与单用TK组比较,TK联合IL-2组抗瘤作用明显增强。光镜观察发现,TK组肿瘤组织呈灶状凋亡,可见核固缩的细胞。TK联合IL-2组凋亡细胞增加,肿瘤细胞减少。电镜观察发现,TK组和TK联合IL-2组出现大量的细胞凋亡:凋亡细胞皱缩,胞核体积缩小,染色质浓缩,电子密度增加,呈新月状边集于核膜下。结论TK联合IL-2治疗可显著抑制Tca8113移植瘤的生长,其治疗效果优于TK单独应用。     

Activation of innate immunity accelerates sialoadenitis in a mouse model for Sjögren's syndrome-like disease

Oral Diseases (2011) 17 , 801–807 Objective: Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive lymphocytic infiltration within the salivary and lacrimal glands. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of innate immunity activation on sialoadenitis in a mouse strain genetically susceptible for development of SS‐like disease. Methods: Female New Zealand Black X New Zealand White F1 mice were repeatedly treated with toll‐like 3 receptor agonist poly(I:C). Submandibular glands were investigated at different time points for sialoadenitis by immunohistochemistry and for gene expression of different chemokines by quantitative PCR. Submandibular gland–infiltrating cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Results: Poly(I:C) treatment significantly upregulated the expression of multiple chemokines within the submandibular glands. The severity and incidence of sialoadenitis was considerably higher in poly(I:C)‐treated mice. There was a preponderance of dendritic cells and NK cells in the initial inflammatory cell infiltrates, and these were followed by CD4+ T cells. Conclusions: Our data clearly demonstrate that systemic activation of innate immunity accelerates sialoadenitis in a mouse model for SS‐like disease. These findings suggest that chronic activation of innate immunity can influence certain features of SS.     

小鼠釉丛蛋白基因不同mRNA剪接体的克隆

目的：克隆小鼠釉丛蛋白基因不同mRNA剪接体，分析小鼠釉丛蛋白的多态性。方法：采用异硫酸氰胍一步法从新生小鼠磨牙牙胚组织中提取总RNA，反转录成cDNA第一链，经PCR扩增出小鼠釉丛蛋白基因特异片段，播入pBS质粒，筛选阳性克隆，并经酶切和核苷酸序列分析鉴定阳性克隆。结果：克隆T1序列与已发表的完整釉从蛋白mRNA序列一致。克隆T2序列与完整釉丛蛋白mRNA序列比较，缺失序列的84-158的75个碱基片段。结论：小鼠釉从蛋白基因在转录mRNA时，可产生不同的剪接体。     

小鼠牙胚裸鼠体内移植的形态学观察

目的:观察小鼠牙胚裸鼠体内移植后的形态学变化。方法:将出生后5天的小鼠的下颌第一磨牙牙胚异位移植到成年裸鼠背部肌层中,在移植后第7天和第14天分别取出植入的牙胚,常规制片,HE染色,显微镜下观察。另取出生后12天和19天的小鼠各1只,常规制片,HE染色,作移植后不同时间的对照。结果:肉眼观察发现,移植后牙胚生长于肌浅层,组织相容性好,表面有丰富的毛细血管;组织学观察表明:移植后的牙胚可继续发育,但比正常发育的牙胚速度减慢。牙本质层较薄,移植后形成大量牙本质小管、排列不规则的牙本质。虽然上皮根鞘位置变化不明显,但牙根可继续根向延伸。髓室底形成,髓腔缩小,根部钙化程度明显增强。移植后第7天,牙胚内外均有炎细胞浸润;但移植后第14天的牙胚,均未见明显的炎症现象。结论:小鼠牙胚裸鼠肌浅层移植后有一定的发育趋势,可以短期用于牙根发育的研究。     

Role of gene E2f1 in susceptibility to bacterial adherence of oral streptococci to tooth surfaces in mice

Dental plaque is composed of a biofilm community of microorganisms on teeth that coats the oral cavity, including attaching to the teeth, and provides a protective reservoir for oral microbial pathogens, which are the primary cause of persistent and chronic infectious diseases. Oral streptococci are pioneering organisms that play an important role in biofilm formation on tooth surfaces as well as being primary causative agents of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of the E2f1 gene in susceptibility to dry mouth and bacterial adherence of oral streptococci to tooth surfaces in animal model experiments. A mutation of the E2f1 gene in mice is known to cause enhanced T-lymphocyte proliferation, leading to testicular atrophy, splenomegaly, salivary gland dysplasia, and other systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity. We found a decreased volume of saliva production and protein production rate, along with increased amylase activity, IgA concentration, and mucin 1 concentration in E2F-1(-/-) mice as compared with the control C57BL/6 mice. Further, we quantified the recolonization of oral streptococci in E2F-1(-/-) mice and found that a higher number of some oral streptococci were colonized on the teeth of these mice. In particular, following oral ingestion of 1% sucrose in water, the colonization of Streptococcus mutans increased in comparison with other streptococci. Our results suggest that the E2f1 gene may affect susceptibility for oral biofilm formation by streptococci in humans with dry mouth.     

The effcct of eel bone powder on bone mineral density in mouse femoral bone

Improvement in bone mineral density (BMD) in the femur after administration of eel bone powder (EBP) was evaluated in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Female ICR mice were given ovariectomies or sham operations at 9 weeks of age, then housed for 2 weeks during which they were allowed free access to a normal diet. Subsequently, the mice were divided into 3 groups: sham-operated mice fed a normal diet, OVX mice fed a normal diet, and OVX mice fed a diet containing EBP. After the mice in these 3 groups had been housed for 2 months (during which time they were allowed free access to their respective diets), they were dissected and analyzed. The BMD values in the removed femurs were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Femoral total and femoral cancellous BMD values were higher in the EBP-treated group than in the nontreated group. Total BMD: the value in the EBP-treated group was 573 mg/cm³, and that in the non-treated group was 451 mg/cm³ (p<0.05). Cancellous BMD: the value in the EBP-treated group was 242 mg/cm³, and that in the non-treated group was 143 mg/cm³ (p<0.05). However, cortical BMD values did not significantly differ between the EBP-treated group and the non-treated group. Cortical BMD: The value in the EBP-treated group was 1891 mg/cm³, and that in the non-treated group was 1900 mg/cm³. pQCT was used to measure the cortical and cancellous BMD in the long bones. By use of a color conversion technique to display BMD, regional changes in the long bones can be expressed and easily measured. It has been well documented that EBP is effective for improvement or prevention of BMD reduction associated with OVX.     

地塞米松和维生素B12干预下小鼠胚胎腭突Shh相关信号因子的研究

目的：　探讨地塞米松及其拮抗剂维生素B₁₂干预妊娠关键期孕鼠后,小鼠胚胎腭突上Shh信号通路重要因子、细胞周期调控因子及初级纤毛解聚相关因子的调控及三者间的变化关系。方法：　予特定孕期C57BL/6J孕鼠腹腔注射一定剂量的生理盐水（空白对照组）、地塞米松（地塞米松组）、维生素B₁₂（维生素B₁₂组）、地塞米松+维生素B₁₂（地塞米松+维生素B₁₂组）,观察妊娠17.5 d和13.5 d各组小鼠胚胎腭突融合情况;Western blot检测妊娠13.5 d各组小鼠胚胎腭突中Smo、Ptch1、Cyclin D1、Aurora A的表达变化并进行统计学分析。结果：　地塞米松延缓胚胎腭突发育而导致腭裂发生,而维生素B₁₂干预后,可部分恢复胚胎腭突发育。Western blot结果显示,与对照组相比,Ptch 1、Aurora A、Cyclin D1的表达在地塞米松组中明显降低（均P=0.000）,Smo无明显改变（P=0.695）;地塞米松+维生素B₁₂组中Ptch 1、Aurora A、Cyclin D1的表达与地塞米松组相比,均不同程度上调（均P=0.000）,Smo无明显改变（P=0.818）;维生素B₁₂组中各目的蛋白表达与对照组无统计学差异（P=0.879、0.399、0.645、0.168）。结论：　地塞米松影响小鼠胚胎腭突Shh下游信号传递和初级纤毛解聚,从而抑制Cyclin D1表达使小鼠胚胎腭突细胞增殖降低,维生素B₁₂可通过上调相关因子蛋白含量拮抗这一抑制效果。     

越鞠保和丸对实验动物胃肠功能的影响

目的观察越鞠保和丸对实验动物胃肠运动、胃分泌的影响。方法利用吗啡和阿托品造成小鼠胃排空及小肠推进障碍,利用新斯的明造成小鼠胃排空及小肠推进亢进;观察越鞠保和丸对正常及胃肠障碍模型动物胃肠运动的影响。观察越鞠保和丸对正常及水浸应激大鼠胃液分泌、胃酸分泌、胃蛋白酶活性及胃壁结合黏液量的影响。结果①越鞠保和丸灌胃给药对正常小鼠胃排空及小肠推进均无显著影响,但可改善胃肠运动紊乱模型动物的胃肠运动功能,表现为可显著改善吗啡及阿托品所致小鼠小肠推进障碍,并对胃排空有一定的抑制趋势;可显著对抗新斯的明所致小鼠小肠推进亢进,而对胃排空则无显著影响。②越鞠保和丸十二指肠给药可显著降低正常大鼠及水浸应激大鼠的胃液量、总酸排出量及胃壁结合黏液量。结论越鞠保和丸具有调节胃分泌、调节胃肠运动的作用。     

大鼠和小鼠Pig-a基因突变试验历史背景数据采集

目的 介绍大鼠及小鼠 Pig-a基因突变试验方法,并汇总国家药物安全评价监测中心 2015—2022年开展的基于免疫磁珠检测法的大鼠及小鼠 Pig-a 基因突变试验背景数据。方法 阴性物质包括超纯水和 0.5% 羧甲基纤维素钠（CMCNa）,雄性 C57BL/6J 小鼠间隔 24 h ig 0.5% CMC-Na,连续 7 d;雄性 SD 大鼠间隔 24 h ig 0.5% CMC-Na,连续 14 d;大鼠间隔24 h ig 超纯水,连续 3 d。阳性对照为已知致细菌突变化合物,包括 N-乙基-N-亚硝基脲（ENU,10、40 mg·kg^-1）、盐酸丙卡巴肼（PCZ,60、150 mg·kg^-1）、乌拉坦（EC,300、800 mg·kg^-1）、N- 亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA ,1.5 mg·kg^-1）、N- 亚硝基二乙胺（NDEA,15 mg·kg^-1）。小鼠间隔 24 h ig ENU 40 mg·kg^-1,连续 3 d;间隔 24 h ig NDMA 1.5 mg·kg^-1、NDEA 15 mg·kg^-1,连续 7 d。大鼠间隔 24 h ig PCZ 150 mg·kg^-1、EC 800 mg·kg^-1、ENU 40 mg·kg^-1,连续 3 d ;间隔 24 h ig PCZ 60 mg·kg^-1、EC300 mg·kg^-1、ENU 10 mg·kg^-1,连续28 d。分别于给予受试物前,首次给予后14、28 d采集外周血,用流式细胞术检测大鼠红细胞表面 CD59蛋白的结合情况,结合免疫磁性计数微球技术计算网织红细胞（RETs）占总红细胞的百分率（%RET）（作为外周血毒性考察指标）、总红细胞中CD59表达为阴性细胞（RBC^CD59-,即突变的总红细胞）发生率和RETs中CD59表达为阴性细胞（RET^CD59-,即突变的 RETs）发生率。结果 各试验%RET数值均无大幅增加。SD大鼠和 C57BL/6J 小鼠的阴性对照组RBC^CD59-和 RET^CD59-突变率均低于 5×10-6,小鼠的背景值相对不稳定。连续 3 d ig给予小鼠 40 mg·kg^-1的 ENU,RBC^CD59-和RET^CD59-发生率自给药后2周开始均大幅增加（P＜0.05）,给药后4周进一步增加（P＜0.01、0.001）;给予小鼠NDMA后2、4周,RBC^CD59-发生率略有增加,但仍在阴性背景范围内,但RET^CD59-发生率在给药后第2周大幅增加（P＜0.001）,给药后第4周则大幅回落;给予小鼠NDEA后2周,RBC^CD59-和RET^CD59-发生率均有所增加（P＜0.05、0.001）,给药后第 4 周则有所降低。连续3 d ig给予大鼠40 mg·kg^-1 ENU,或连续28 d ig给予大鼠10 mg·kg^-1 ENU,RBC^CD59-、RET^CD59-发生率自给药后第2周开始均大幅增加（P＜0.001）,给药后第 4 周进一步增加（P＜0.001）;连续 3、28 d ig 给予大鼠不同剂量的 PCZ 或 EC 后,RBC^CD59-和RET^CD59-发生率的变化趋势与 ENU类似,但 EC诱发的突变细胞率低于 ENU和 PCZ。结论 体内 Pig-a基因突变试验可在首次给药后4周内有效检出致细菌突变化合物ENU、PCZ、EC、NDMA、NDEA的致突变性。提供了大鼠和小鼠Pig-a基因突变试验的背景值范围,为标准化试验方法的建立和研究结果的判定提供借鉴。